Loosely interpreting the pioneering work of Turner (1988)
and later of Schechner (2002), performance in complex societies is a
three-phase process consisting of a
rehearsal period (proto-performance,
from Schechner), a performance period, and a cooling-down or post-performance
period (aftermath, from Schechner).
These periods form the core of performers’ existences, and although they move
occasionally outside the phases, they inhabit them most of the time if performing
is their chosen profession. It is a lonely place to be, especially during the
rehearsal period, a place where the only feedback may be a mirror, a director’s
or choreographer’s comments, the playing back of a taped song, or a spouse’s
friendly encouragement. Validation comes with group rehearsals and eventually
from a real audience. Why, then, would anyone choose such an existence? There
are several reasons.
·
To enter flow. Czikszentmihalyi (1974), and later Turner (1988) are credited with
bringing the term flow into the lexicon of psychology. Flow refers to
“an interior state which can be described as the merging of action and
awareness, the holistic sensation present when we act with total involvement, a
state in which action follows action according to an internal logic, with no apparent
need for conscious intervention on our part.” Most performers at some point in
their careers will experience this. If they are highly trained, it will
undoubtedly occur on a regular basis. For the performer, it is a very desirable
mental state, somewhat metaphysical and even transcendental. For them, it is a
feeling of wanting to remain “in the moment.” It happens particularly with
group performances and only when members are completely “in synch” and
performing together, each “sensing” what the others are doing as if they were a
single, totally blended unit. It does not happen for every performance and it
does not necessarily happen for an entire performance. When it does, however,
it is magical for the performer.
·
To connect with the audience. Connecting with an
audience is the ultimate validation for their existence that performers seek.
It means that first, the audience has indeed “received the message,” and
second, the art form and method of delivery are appreciated. Most of the time,
this will be either sensed by or obvious to, the performers (e.g. through the
audience’s rapt attention or applause/laughter at appropriate times). Of
course, negative connection is also possible and if it is obvious to them, the performer
must make immediate changes to try to re-establish a positive connection.
·
To receive recognition. What better job
satisfaction can there be than the instantaneous gratification obtained by
sustained applause or a standing ovation? For performers, this beats the
endless pushing of paper in an office, the constant struggle to climb the
corporate ladder, and the frustrations of company personality clashes. The
occasional accolade letter or annual corporate personnel reviews do not come
close to the ecstatic screams of an adoring audience. Why else would the
Rolling Stones still be performing after 40 years? They certainly do not need
the money!
·
To receive remuneration. Unfortunately,
performers have to live and, unlike the Rolling Stones, most of those who work
in special events are not highly paid, contrary to the opinion of some
uninformed clients and the general public. While the psychology of performing
may be their main reason for choosing this career path, they do need to be
compensated for doing it.
- Schechner, Richard. (2002). Performance Studies: An Introduction. London: Routledge.
- Turner, Victor. (1988). The Anthropology of Performance. New York: PAJ Publications.
